Menneskehedens frihed

Posted bykro 637 kommentarer til Menneskehedens frihed

Weekendavisen den 7. februar 2020

https://www.weekendavisen.dk/2020-6/boeger/menneskehedens-frihed

Pessoa. Hvordan bekriger anarkismen kapitalismen? Ikke med bomber. Ikke med propaganda. Men med kapitalisme.

Fernando Pessoa: Den anarkistiske bankier. Oversat af Mone Hvass. Med forord af Karl Erik Schøllhammer. 92 sider, 149 kr. A Mock Book.

Kan man forestille sig en anarkistisk kapitalist? Det kunne Fernando Pessoa, den enigmatiske portugisiske digter og dramatiker, der levede så kort (1888-1935) og skrev så meget, både i eget navn og under de talrige forfatterheteronymer, som længe efter hans død sikrede ham litterær klassiker- og kultstatus.

I 1922 udgav han en skarp satire, O Banqueiro Anarquista, hvor han forener de to antagonistiske samfundssyn i én usandsynlig person. Vi møder to mænd, der netop har afsluttet en middag på en restaurant. Fortælleren selv lærer vi aldrig at kende, men hans ven er en stenrig forretningsmand og berygtet børsspekulant.

Efter middagen ebber samtalen ud, men så spørger fortælleren henkastet: ”Det er sandt, jeg hørte for nylig, at De engang har været anarkist…”

Hermed er stikordet givet til rigmandens højst forbløffende historie. Han siger, at han ikke har været anarkist, men at han stadig er det, ja han er mere anarkist, end anarkisterne selv. Han er teoretisk set fuldtonet anarkist, men han bruger ikke samme metoder, som de anarkister, der smider bomber:

”For mig, der er bankier og en stor forretningsmand og børsspekulant, for mig går anarkistisk teori og praksis nøje hånd i hånd. De sammenligner mig med disse tåber med fagforeninger og bomber for at påpege, at jeg er anderledes. Det er jeg også, men forskellen består i, at de (ja, netop de og ikke jeg) kun er anarkister i teoretisk forstand; jeg er det både i teori og praksis. De er anarkister og dumme, jeg er anarkist og klog. Det vil sige, det er mig, der er den sande anarkist. De fyre med fagforeninger og bomber (jeg har selv været i samme situation og jeg forlod dem netop på grund af min virkelige anarkisme) – de er anarkismens bærme, den store frihedsdoktrins skøger.”

Bankierens logik er denne: Det er nødvendigt at udrydde de samfundsskabte sociale illusioner, der forhindrer menneskehedens frihed. Det kræver direkte aktion i form af bomber eller indirekte aktion i form af propaganda. Men også anarkisterne har tyranni i egne rækker. Derfor indser bankieren, at de er nødt til at arbejde hver for sig. Kun sådan kan de nedbryde det borgerlige samfunds forsvar og tvinge pengene til underkastelse. Han vil besejre kapitalismen med kapitalisme.

Der er tradition for at opfatte Den anarkistiske bankier (første gang udgivet af Nansensgades Antikvariat for tredive år siden) som en slags parodi på den sokratiske dialogform. Men teksten kan med fordel læses som et politisk-filosofisk essay, eller hvorfor ikke som et en drejebog til en enakter for to? Litterært set er det vigtigste, at Fernando Pessoa har valgt en form, hvor den ene stemme – fortælleren, refarenten – er reduceret til en anonym notar, mens den anden – den kapitalistiske anarkist – hele tiden udfordrer vores traditionelle samfundstanker.

Den anarkistiske bankier er en legende letlæst (takket være Mone Hvass) knivskarp herlighed, der giver stor effekt med små midler. Som satirisk mesterstykke er den ikke helst så provokerende som Jonathan Swifts berømte og beskedne forslag om at æde menneskebabyer, men den er gjort af det samme antikonventionelle og dybt galgenironiske humør, der ikke viger tilbage for at gøre grin med mange slags borgermusikanter – både anarkister, kapitalister og alle andre slags verdensforklarende -ister, der er faret vild i deres teoretiske luftslottes mange irgange.

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